From park-centric conservation to whole-landscape conservation in the usa

Abstract

America traditional parks like its national parks were a creation of a time when today environmental problems like climate change did not exist. It allowed for parks to be separate and apart from neighboring land holdings and inward looking in their management. Now park managers must be outward looking in order to protect park resources and to realize the ecological, social, and economic roles parks play in their entire ecosystem, nation, and world are parts of their responsibilities. This chapter traces the evolution of conservation from focusing on individual parks and features to addressing whole or large landscape conservation.