Breast cancer in women: Its risk factors and prevention

Abstract

Breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. The tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, mitotic index, presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB2 expression, p53 and the MIB-1 proliferation index were evaluated histo-pathologically and immunohistochemically in the breast cancer patients. Types of chemicals carcinogens such as benzene, asbestos, nickel, cadmium, vinyl chloride, asbestos, N-nitrosamines, tobacco or cigarette smoke (contains at least 66 known potential carcinogenic chemicals and toxins), asbestos, and aflatoxin etc. play important role to induce breast cancer. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects dairy and beef cattle's blood cells and mammary tissue. The most well-known are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), both of which significantly increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. The tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors express the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) are likely to respond to endocrine (hormone) therapies. Where resources are limited, diagnosis and treatment services should initially target all patients presenting with curable cancers, such as breast, cervical and oral cancers that can be detected early.