HIV Diversity and Classification, Role in Transmission

Abstract

The hallmark\rof HIV-1 is its extensive genetic diversity that emanates mainly from high\rmutations. Phylogenetically, HIV can be classified into geographically confined\rgroups, types, subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) that are\rhowever subject to change over time. HIV genetic diversity may partially\rexplain the observed heterogeneity in HIV prevalence and has also been reported\rto impact on viral transmissibility and differential rates of disease progression.\rThe aim of this review is to present a simple overview of the principles and\rconcepts of HIV diversity and classification. Tracking the presence of new HIV\rstrains is not only important for surveillance purposes but is also critical in\rfacilitating personalized targeted therapy as well as forming the basis for\rdevelopment of the much anticipated effective vaccines against this scourge.