ALIX regulates the ubiquitin-independent lysosomal sorting of the P2Y1 purinergic receptor via a YPX3 L motif

Abstract

Endocytic sorting and lysosomal degradation are integral to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. Upon ligand binding, classical GPCRs are activated, internalized and recycled or sorted to lysosomes for degradation, a process that requires receptor ubiquitination. However, recent studies have demonstrated that numerous GPCRs are sorted to lysosomes independent of receptor ubiquitination. Here, we describe an ubiquitin-independent lysosomal sorting pathway for the purinergic GPCR P2Y1 . After activation, P2Y1 sorts to lysosomes for degradation independent of direct ubiquitination that is mediated by a YPX3 L motif within the second intracellular loop that serves as a binding site for the adaptor protein ALIX. Depletion of ALIX or site-directed mutation of the YPX3 L motif inhibits P2Y1 sorting into the lumen of multivesicular endosomes/lysosomes and degradation. These findings confirm the function of YPX3 L motifs as lysosomal targeting sequences for GPCRs and demonstrate that ALIX mediates the ubiquitin-independent degradation of certain GPCRs.