Impact of age, obesity and smoking on patient satisfaction with breast implant surgery - A unicentric analysis of 318 implant reconstructions after mastectomy

Abstract

Aim: Breast reconstruction has become increasingly important for the body image of women with breast cancer. We conducted a study to investigate how patient characteristics correlate with surgical outcome after breast reconstruction with implant after mastectomy and to identify risk factors which could facilitate patient selection for reconstruction. Patients and Methods: For this case cohort analysis (n=257 patients with 318 heterologous reconstructions), we analyzed BMI, smoking, pre-existing disease, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, one-stage/two-stage reconstruction, immediate/delayed reconstruction, antibiotic therapy and complications, partner interaction and adherence to the decision for reconstruction using a customized questionnaire. Results: 257 patients with 318 implant reconstructions (196 unilateral, 61 bilateral) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Median follow-up time was 3.1 years (range: 1 month to 10 years). Response rate to the questionnaire was 71.8 %. Median age was 49 years (range 24-79 years), median BMI was 22.44 (range 16.33-40.09). A BMI >30 was inversely correlated with positive self-image (p=0.004), and implant loss/rotation was more frequent in this group (p<0.05). Smoking >10 cigarettes/day had a negative impact on surgical outcome. A positive self-image had a positive impact on partner interaction (p<0.001) and was correlated with a lower perception of pain. Aesthetic results did not vary with age (p=0.054). Titanized polypropylene meshes were used to protect against implant rotation (p=0.034). Rates of capsular fibrosis were low in our cohort (<10), and implant loss rate was less than 2. Conclusions: This study offers a differentiated approach for the pre-surgical counselling of patients and shows that patients up to 80 years of age are highly satisfied with implant reconstruction. A high BMI and smoking >10 cigarettes/day are unfavorable preconditions for implant reconstruction. The use of prophylactic antibiotics was confirmed as beneficial for surgical outcome. A positive self-image after reconstruction strongly influences partner interaction.