Sarcopenia index based on serum creatinine and cystatin C is associated with 3-year mortality in hospitalized older patients

Abstract

To investigate the association of the sarcopenia index (SI, serum creatinine value/cystatin C value × 100) with 3-year mortality and readmission among older inpatients, we reanalyzed a prospective study in the geriatric ward of a teaching hospital in western China. Older inpatients aged ≥ 60 years with normal kidney function were included. Survival status and readmission information were assessed annually during the 3-year follow-up. We applied Cox regression models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sarcopenia for predicting mortality and readmission. We included 248 participants (mean age: 81.2 ± 6.6 years). During the follow-up, 57 participants (23.9%) died, whereas 179 participants (75.2%) were readmitted at least one time. The SI was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.214, p = 0.001), calf circumference (CC) (r = 0.253, p < 0.001), handgrip strength (r = 0.244, p < 0.001), and gait speed (r = 0.221, p < 0.001). A higher SI was independently associated with a lower risk of 3-year all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (HR per 1-SD = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63–0.97). The SI was not significantly associated with readmission (HR per 1-SD = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.77–1.25). In conclusion, the SI is associated with 3-year all-cause mortality but not readmission in a study population of hospitalized older patients.