Buccally administered intranasal desmopressin acetate for the treatment of neurogenic diabetes insipidus in infancy

Abstract

Context: The treatment of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) in infancy is challenging and complicated by fluid overload and dehydration. Therapy with subcutaneous (SC), intranasal (IN), or oral tablet desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin [DDAVP]) remains difficult to titrate in infants. Objective: Assess the efficacy and safety of buccally administered IN DDAVP for the management of infants with neurogenic DI. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: Retrospective review of clinical and laboratory data of 15 infants (mean age, 4.5 mo) with neurogenic DI treated at a tertiary care center. Treatment was with diluted IN DDAVP formulation (10 mcg/ml) administered buccally via a tuberculin syringe to the buccal mucosa. Results: After initial DDAVP titration of 2-3 days, IN DDAVP doses ranged from 1 to 5 mcg twice daily given buccally. Mean serum sodium concentration at DI diagnosis was 159 ± 6.6 mmol/L (range, 151-178) and improved to 142 ± 3.5 mmol/L (range, 137-147) with the buccally administered IN DDAVP. Normal sodium concentrations were established without major fluctuations. Serum sodium was then maintained in the outpatient setting at a mean of 145.7 ± 4.8 mmol/L (mean Duration of Follow-up, 11 Mo). Conclusions: Buccally Administered IN formulation of DDAVP provides a practical and safe treatment alternative for neurogenic DI in Infancy. Our approach avoided severe hypo- and hypernatremia during DDAVP titration and ongoing outpatient management of DI. The possibility for smaller dosage increments and ease of administration make IN DDAVP administered buccally preferable over other DDAVP treatment options in infants.