Weight and Body Composition Management After Menopause: The Effect of Lifestyle Modifications

Abstract

Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, which is attributed to a positive energy balance and subsequent weight gain [1]. The definition of obesity is based on the body mass index (BMI), calculated using the following equation: BMI = weight (kg)/height2 (m2) [2]. Classification of obesity according to BMI is presented in Table 13.1. However, similar values of BMI correspond to varying body fat and body composition in different individuals and populations [1, 2]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is associated with many chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory symptoms, and several types of cancer [1].