Deficiencia de vitamina D, estrés oxidante y enfermedad

Abstract

The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], is a steroid hormone whose biological actions are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Globally, its deficiency is a major public health problem and is mainly due to insufficient exposure to sunlight. It is estimated that 50% of the world’s population has vitamin D insufficiency and one billion people are deficient. Vitamin D deficiency induces oxidative stress and both are associated with various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and COVID-19. Vitamin D exerts an indirect antioxidant role:1) increasing the transcription of erythroid nuclear factor 2 -related factor 2 (Nrf2), which increases various antioxidant enzymes, 2) decreasing the expression of pro-oxidant enzymes and 3) decreasing the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) to the nucleus. The importance of this deficiency is made evident by the fact that vitamin D supplementation has been associated with a significant reduction in mortality. Therefore, the aim of this review is to update the basics around vitamin D deficiency and its relationship to some diseases.