Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Negara

Abstract

Background. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets the decrease of neonatal mortality rate until 12 per 1.000 live birth. One of the neonatal death’s causes is premature baby which is related to the low birth weight (LBW) infant. The incidences of LBW were 15%-20% and almost 95% of those were born in developing countries. The aim of this study is to know several risk factors that related to the incidences of LBW infant in Regional Public Hospital Negara. Material. This case control study was conducted in September 2021. The subjects were inpatient babies in Perinatology ward and was born in Regional Public Hospital Negara, from 01 January 2020 to 30 December 2020. Consecutive sampling and gender matching were performed for the subjects selection. There are 42 sampels that match to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for each group. The data of risk factors and LBW were collected from the medical record. Statistical analyses included McNemar and logistic regression using SPSS v22 software with p<0,05 . Results. Bivariate statistical analyses results from LBW’s risk factors were p value=0.001 for gestational age, p value=0.031 for parity, p value= 0.049 for anemia during pregnancy, p value=0.267 for maternal age, p value=1.000 history of LBW before, p value=0.344 for miscarriage history, and p value=0.804 for preeclampsia. Meanwhile, multivariate statistical analyses showed that gestational age risk factor, p value=0,001 (OR=44,97; 95%IC: 8,44-239,75) and parity risk factor, p value=0,011 (OR=5,04: 95%IC: 1,44-17,66) were the risk factors that related to the incidences of LBW infant in Regional Public Hospital Negara Conclusion. Gestational age and parity were the risk factors that related to the incidences of LBW infant in Regional Public Hospital Negara   Latar Belakang : Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) memfokuskan penurunan angka kematian neonatus hingga 12 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada neonatus di dunia adalah bayi prematur yang merupakan komponen dalam bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Angka kejadian BBLR sekitar 15%-20% dari seluruh kelahiran dan hampir 95% BBLR terjadi di Negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Negara. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kasus kontrol yang dilakukan pada bulan September 2021. Penelitian ini melibatkan bayi lahir hidup di RSUD Negara yang dirawat di ruang Perinatologi RSUD Negara mulai 01 januari 2020 - 30 Desember 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode consecutive sampling dan dilakukan matching jenis kelamin. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah 42 sampel kasus dan 42 sampel kontrol. Data faktor risiko dan BBLR di ambil dari catatan rekam medis. Uji statistik menggunakan uji McNemar dan regresi logistik dengan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 22 dengan batas nilai p <0,05. Hasil : Uji statistik bivariat terhadap BBLR menemukan bahwa faktor risiko usia gestasi p=0,001, paritas p=0,031, anemia ibu p=0,049, faktor risiko usia ibu p=0,267, faktor risiko riwayat melahirkan anak BBLR p=1,000, faktor risiko riwayat abortus p=0,344, dan faktor risiko preeklampsia p=0,804. Sementara itu, uji Satistik multivariat menemukan bahwa faktor usia gestasi, nilai p=0,001 (OR=44,97; 95%IK: 8,44-239,75) dan faktor risiko paritas, nilai p=0,011 (OR=5,04: 95%IK: 1,44-17,66) merupakan faktor risiko kejadian BBLR di RSUD Negara.