Low substrate affinity of pyruvate kinase variant (PK Sapporo) caused by a single amino acid substitution (426 Arg → Gln) associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia

Abstract

A point mutation (1277 CGG to CAG) was identified in the R-type pyruvate kinase (PK) cDNA of a PK variant, PK Sapporo, associated with hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. The mutation causes a single amino acid substitution from Arg to Gln at the 426th amino acid residue of human R-type PK; consequently, the hydrophobicity around the mutated site is drastically decreased. The amino acid change occurred in the eighth α helix of A domain (Aα8) of PK, and it has been proposed that this region as well as Aα7, Aβ7, and Aβ8 is a potassium (K+) binding site. Because K+ binding to the PK subunit is considered to be essential for substrate binding, the mutation might account for the decreased affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This is compatible with the fact that all the reported PK variants carrying point mutations in those area have a high Michaelis constant (Km) for PEP. © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology.