Ultrasonically Assisted Efficient and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones using Itaconic Acid as a Homogeneous and Reusable Organocatalyst

Abstract

© 2019 Bentham Science Publishers. Background: Multicomponent reactions involve the simultaneous reaction of three or more components which deliver the product that incorporates the elements of all starting materials. A combination of multicomponent reaction and green solvents like water and the use of nonconven-tional energy sources like microwave or ultrasonication are important features of ideal green synthesis. Therefore, the design of a new multicomponent reaction and improvement of an already known multicomponent reaction with a green procedure has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Isoxazole derivatives are well known for their biological activities such as antifungal, analgesic, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimyco-bacterial. Methods: We have reported Itaconic acid as a green homogenous organocatalyst under ultrasound irradiation for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives. Result: Itaconic acid was used as a green catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives under conventional as well as ultrasound irradiation technique. Ultrasound irradiation condition requires less time for the completion of the reaction and also the yields were better. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have developed a green methodology for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives. Itaconic acid is used as an organocatalyst which is biodegradable and nonhazardous. Water is used as a green solvent. Ultrasonication is used as a non-conventional green energy source. Ambient reaction conditions are used to carry out transformation for multicomponent reaction. Metal-free, mineral acid-free synthesis are key features of the present protocol.