Rationale for endoscopic management of adenoma of the papilla of Vater: Options and limitations

Abstract

Background: Several studies and our own results prove that endoscopic therapy in selected cases of benign adenomas is safe and technically feasible. In patients refusing surgery or patients with high comorbidity and poor physical health status, endoscopic resection is an excellent alternative. Discussion: The decision for endoscopic or surgical excision of adenomas is determined by general health status, histology, size, location, and depth of the lesion. In carcinoma of the papilla of Vater it is important to assess the tumoral ductal infiltration correctly to determine whether endoscopic resection is a viable option. Intraductal ultrasound is essential before initiating treatment and it therefore contributes to conservative therapy in patients with tumors of the papilla of Vater. Temporary placement of a short pancreatic duct stent may protect against pancreatitis and might allow more excessive ablation of adenomatous tissue, especially around the pancreatic duct orifice. After endoscopic sphincterotomy, biliary and pancreatic endoprostheses can be inserted easily in cases of obstructed pathways or cholangitis and pancreatitis due to tumor obstruction. Argon plasma coagulation can be used to treat oozing tumor hemorrhages or to vaporize tumoral residues after endoscopic snare resection. Endoscopic surveillance is essential after surgical or endoscopic resection of adenomas of the papilla of Vater.