Epicardial Adipose Tissue and IL-13 Response to Myocardial Injury Drives Left Ventricular Remodeling After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is explained only in part by the infarct size, and the inter-patient variability may be ascribed to different inflammatory response to myocardial injury. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a source of inflammatory mediators which directly modulates the myocardium. EAT increase is associated to several cardiovascular diseases; however, its response to myocardial injury is currently unknown. Among inflammatory mediators, IL-13 seems to play protective role in LV regeneration, but its variations after STEMI have not been described yet. Purpose: In the present study we analyzed the association between infarct-related changes of EAT and IL-13 in post-STEMI LV remodeling. Methods: We enrolled 100 patients with STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty. At the enrolment (T0) and after 3 months (T1), we measured EAT thickness by echocardiography and circulating levels of IL-13 by ELISA. Results: At T1, the 60% of patients displayed increased EAT thickness (ΔEAT > 0). ΔEAT was directly associated to LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.42; p = 0.014), LV end-systolic volume (r = 0.42; p = 0.013) and worse LV ejection fraction (LVEF) at T1 (r = −0.44; p = 0.0094), independently of the infarct size. In the overall population IL-13 levels significantly decreased at T1 (p = 0.0002). The ΔIL-13 was directly associated to ΔLVEF (r = 0.42; p = 0.017) and inversely related to ΔEAT (r = −0.51; p = 0.022), thus suggesting a protective role for IL-13. Conclusion: The variability of STEMI-induced “inflammatory response” may be associated to the post-infarct LV remodeling. ΔEAT thickness and ΔIL-13 levels could be novel prognostic markers in STEMI patients.