La esteroidogénesis en el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in reproductive age, characterized by menstrual alterations, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and ultrasound-identified ovarian cysts. The neuroendocrine and metabolic alterations that accompany this condition involve the desensitization of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, steroidogenesis and hyperandrogenism; recently, the role of insulin resistance has been explored. Hyperandrogenism has been established to be the main cause of polycystic ovary syndrome, due to enzymatic alterations in the steroidogenic pathway that cause luteinizing hormone over-stimulation because of quick pulses generated by gonadotropin-releasing hormones. Various growth factors of and cytokines inhibit the conversion of androgens into estrogens; activin and prostaglandins are also involved, even high levels of insulin participate in the characteristic deregulation of this syndrome.