Using of rapid ELISA as an alternative method for evaluation of canine parvo vaccines

Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccine is recommended to be used for dogs especially in young age. Vaccination plays an important role in reducing death rates, preventing clinical cases and controlling the spread of virus. Evaluation of live attenuated CPV vaccine requires in vivo and in vitro techniques. In the present work, we investigated the sensitivity of the SNAP Parvo test (rapid ELISA) in comparison with immunofluorescence technique (IFT) using reference canine parvovirus to determine the CPV content in live attenuated CPV vaccine. Ten batches of live attenuated CPV vaccine were tested by SNAP parvo test and IFT, on the other hand the vaccine batches were inoculated in ten dog groups and samples of their sera were collected after 14 days from booster dose to evaluate the immune response using serum neutralization test (SNT). It was found that the sensitivity of SNAP Parvo test at virus dilution of 4 and 5 was 90%. The SNT showed antibody titers for the sera of vaccinated puppies not less than 32 (1.5 log10 TCID50) for eight batches which were correlated with SNAP Parvo test and IFT. These findings suggest the possibility of using SNAP Parvo test for detection of virus titer in live attenuated CPV vaccine. It could be used as a rapid primary test for evaluation of unsatisfactory vaccines, in order not to continue the following evaluating procedures, subsequently minimizing the experimental animal use, effort and consumed time and cost.