Improved multiple gateway node based routing architecture for heterogeneous wireless sensor network

Abstract

In modern era, with technologies shifting from wired to wireless technologies, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play an essential role in advancement of technology. WSNs have limited battery. In this paper, we propose Improved Multiple Gateway Node (MGN) based Routing Architecture (IMRA) that increases both network lifetime and stability period of the network and also improves energy efficiency. It uses the technique of load balancing and considers average energy of the network to improve aforementioned parameters. IMRA is event-driven protocol and has four MGNs with unlimited power which makes this protocol efficient for use in disaster prone areas like earthquakes, forest fires etc. saving millions of lives. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play an essential role in advancement of technology. Various disasters like earthquakes, forest fires, etc. can be sensed in advance using latest technology in WSNs and preventive measures can be taken. IMRA surpasses other protocols by increasing Stability Period, Half Node Dead and Network lifetime by 58.18%, 55.94% and 52.96% respectively as compared to traditional MRA and by 156.99%, 86.2% and 90.12% respectively as compared to Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient Delay aware Routing Protocol(TEDRP).