Background: Since the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran on 19 February 2020, our country has been one of the worst affected countries by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. In addition to demographic and clinical characteristics, the number of hospitalized cases and deaths is an important factor for evidence-based decision-making and disease control and preparing the healthcare system to face the future challenges of COVID-19. Therefore, this cohort study was conducted to determine the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in Kermanshah Province, Iran during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics, clinical characteristics, outcomes and other additional information of hospitalized patients were collected from the COVID-19 database of the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of Kermanshah Province. Results: Kermanshah Province experienced three waves of COVID-19 infection considering the hospitalization and mortality rates between February 20, 2020 and February 19, 2021. A total of 27,256 patients were included in the study: 5203 (19.09%) subjects were suspected, 9136(33.52%) were probable, and 12,917 (47.39%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. The mean age of the patients was 53.34 ± 22.74 years and 14,648 (53.74%) were male. The median length of hospital stay among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors patients were 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–6) and 4 (IQR 1–8) days, respectively. Among patients with COVID-19, 2646 (9.71%) died during hospitalization. A multivariable logistic regression revealed that odds of death among patients ≥ 85 years was significantly greater than among patients < 15 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.43–6.71, p≤ 0.001). Patients with one (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.59, p = 0.04), two (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27–1.92, p = 0.001) or more (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04–2.17, p = 0.03) comorbidities had higher odds of in-hospital death compared to those without comorbidities. The male sex (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07- 1.35, p = 0.002), ICU admission (aOR 4.35, 95% CI 3.80–4.97, p < 0.001), intubation (aOR 11.09, 95% CI 9.58–12.84, p < 0.001), respiratory distress (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.61, p < 0.001), loss of consciousness (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.45–2.25, p < 0.001), anorexia (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.70, p = 0.006) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 93(aOR 2.72, 95% CI 2.34–3.16, p < 0.001) on admission were associated with increased risk of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Having cough (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.93, p = 0.003) and headache (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03) decreased the odds of death. Conclusion: The mortality rate of the patients admitted to the general wards and ICU can be a guide for allocating resources and making appropriate plans to provide better medical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several risk factors are associated with the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19, including advanced age, male sex, ICU admission, intubation, having comorbidity, SpO2 < 93, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, headache, anorexia, and cough. These risk factors could help clinicians identify patients at high risk for death.
CITATION STYLE
Hesni, E., Sayad, B., Khosravi Shadmani, F., Najafi, F., Khodarahmi, R., Rahimi, Z., … Sayad, N. (2022). Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07312-7
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