Efectos de la cirugía bariátrica en resultados perinatales

Abstract

Background: According to the WHO, the prevalence of obesity has doubled worldwide. In Chile, 50% of pregnant women are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated to high risk pregnancies and higher C-section rates. The increasing number of obese women of reproductive age and the low impact of medical treatment for weight control have led to consider bariatric surgery as a therapeutic option after conventional treatment failure, improving quality of life and comorbidities. Several retrospective studies have shown the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in reducing obstetric complications associated to obesity, including gestational diabetes and hypertension. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding pre-conceptional bariatric surgery and its relation to adverse neonatal outcomes. Objective: Review and analysis of the best available evidence relating to the association between bariatric surgery and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: TripDatabase, Pubmed and Cochrane search engines were used to find and select articles for analysis according to stablished inclusion criteria. The search was performed using the following key words: "pregnancy", "pregnancy outcome" and "bariatric surgery". Two studies where selected. Results: Current evidence shows that pregnant patients with previous bariatric surgery had lower risk of LGA and increased risk of SGA babies. No differences were found in relation to stillbirth and congenital abnormalities. Conclusion: The evidence analyzed shows that pre-pregnancy bariatric surgery is associated to lower rate of LGA and higher rate of SGA newborns. The evidence found was level IIb. New studies are needed to validate this results, with better levels of evidence and long-term follow-up.