Rip currents

Abstract

Rip currents are powerful, channeled currents of water that flow offshore from beaches. These dangerous currents are the most serious hazard that threatens bather safety on the world’s surf beaches. In the United States, more people drown in rips annually than are killed by hurricanes, tornadoes or lightning. Florida has the highest loss of life because of its long shoreline and warm waters, followed by other popular states for ocean swimming with many beaches—California and North Carolina. In response to these safety concerns, the science of rip currents has advanced significantly in the past decade. The First International Rip Current Symposium was held in Miami, Florida in 2010 where research advancements through field investigations and modeling were highlighted. These insights are being used to promote more effective public education and develop innovative outreach programs and tools.