Interaction between a chromosome 10 RET enhancer and chromosome 21 in the down syndrome-hirschsprung disease association

Abstract

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display a 40-fold greater risk of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) than the general population of newborns implicating chromosome 21 in HSCR etiology. Here we demonstrate that the RET enhancer polymorphism RET 19.7 (rs2435357:C>T) at chromosome 10q11.2 is associated with HSCR in DS individuals both by transmission disequilibrium (P = 0.0015) and case-control (P = 0.0115) analysis of matched cases. Interestingly, the RET19.7 T allele frequency is significantly different between individuals with DS alone (0.26 ±0.04), HSCR alone (0.61 ±0.04), and those with HSCR and DS (0.41 ± 0.04), demonstrating an association and interaction between RETand chromosome 21 gene dosage. This is the first report of a genetic interaction between a common functional variant (rs2435357) and a not infrequent copy number error (chromosome 21 dosage) in two human developmental disorders. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.