Dental implant infection and decontaimination

Abstract

There are no controls legislated over the operating environment in dental clinics. Despite this and the contaminated oral surgical field through which they are placed, success rates are reported as being as high as 90-95 %.Despite the high success rate of implant dentistry in recent years, implant failures due to peri-implant diseases do exist Implant surfaces have significant role in osseointegration potential of the implant. The ability of bacteria to adhere titanium implant surfaces has been confirmed in various studies. Elimination of bacteria from the implant surface is necessary in order to terminate the source of infection and disrupt the formation of bio-film. Biomaterial therapies using fibers, gels, and beads to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of Peri-implantitis Future strategies include the development of surfaces that become antibacterial in response to infection and improvements in the permucosal seal. Research is still needed to identify strategies to prevent bacterial attachment and enhance normal cell/tissue attachment to implant surfaces .There is also possibility of development of recombinant protein using r-DNA technology and using the application of tissue engineering in development of coating of biomaterials using for dental implants. In the present study general microbial status of healthy implants, infectected implants ,along with normal microflora present in the mouth have been covered as per the reports of different methods of isolation used , the mechanisms of attachment of microbes through biofilm formation and how to minimize the forces of adhesion to the surface of dental implant material has been covered to enable the exploring the alternative approach of biomedical engineering with respect to the understanding of characteristics of microbiota (morphology and biochemical aspects) and compatibility surface characteristics of biomaterials with respect to the ossointegration and biofilm formation.