Instrument of brain stimulation

Abstract

When chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first developed, the Extrel type DBS system was typically used. The Extrel type DBS system contained (1) an external transmitter, ((2) an antenna, ((3) a receiver with an extension cable, and (4) a stimulation electrode. The energy evoked by the external pulse transmitter was transmitted through the antenna using a radio-frequency-coupled link, and the subcutaneous receiver decoded the radio frequency signal and delivered it to the stimulation electrode. Later, the Itrel type DBS system was developed. The Itrel system contains (1) an implantable pulse generator (IPG) which can be powered by its own battery, (2) an extension cable, and (3) a stimulation electrode. All of the Itrel type DBS systems have become completely internalized. One new IPG even contains a rechargeable battery for the prolongation of battery life; as a result, the time before IPG replacement required has increased up to 9 years.