Nutrition and oral bone status

Abstract

Loss of tooth-supporting alveolar bone is one aspect of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition that affects nearly half of the adult US population. Measures to prevent periodontal diseases focus primarily on individual behaviors to control bacteria levels and inflammation such as brushing, flossing, regular dental checkups, and abstinence from smoking. Nutritional status may influence the susceptibility to develop periodontitis and the course of progression by maintaining the integrity of bone and collagen tissues and by modulating the inflammatory response. Studies suggest that higher intakes of nutrients that modulate inflammatory the response and food sources of whole grains and dietary fiber are inversely associated with risk of alveolar bone loss. In fact, the prevalence of periodontal disease is lower among persons with healthy eating patterns and ideal body weight. However, prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to clarify these associations and determine optimal intake levels for the prevention of periodontal disease.