Hounsfield Unit Value of Interpeduncular Cistern Hematomas Can Predict Symptomatic Vasospasm

Abstract

Background and Purpose - Symptomatic vasospasm is an important factor that affects the outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid blood volume can predict symptomatic vasospasm, and we postulated that the blood clot density would also be an important factor involved in such events. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm and the Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the interpeduncular cistern that reflects the density of hematomas. Methods - Data from 323 patients admitted and treated at a single center between 2008 and 2017 within 24 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage onset were retrospectively analyzed. Initial HU values of the interpeduncular cistern were measured using CT, then correlations with the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm and HU values as well as other variables were assessed. Results - Symptomatic vasospasm developed in 54 (16.7%) of the 323 patients. The incidence of symptomatic vasospasm was low (1.8%, 2/166) for HU <50, but this incidence increased greatly when the HU value exceeded 50 (23.7%, 22/93 for HU >50 to ≤60, and 45.3%, 29/64 for HU >60). The odds ratio for symptomatic vasospasm was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.6-2.4) per 5 HU increase. Symptomatic vasospasm correlated significantly with intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.05) and with intracerebral hematoma (P=0.046) but even more significantly with the HU value of the interpeduncular cistern (P<0.0001). Conclusions - The HU value of the interpeduncular cistern on initial CT is an accurate and reliable predictor of symptomatic vasospasm.