Propionate and butyrate induce gene expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 and cluster of differentiation 147 in cultured rumen epithelial cells derived from preweaning dairy calves

Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main source of energy for postweaning ruminants. The monocarboxylic acid transporters, MCT1 and MCT4, are thought to contribute to the absorption of SCFAs from the surface of the rumen following weaning. The present study measured changes in MCT1 and MCT4 expression in ruminal epithelial cells isolated from male preweaning (22 to 34 d old, n = 6) and postweaning (55 to 58 d old, n = 8) calves after euthanasia and sought to examine whether SCFAs stimulate the expression of these transporters. In the current study, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) gene expression in the rumen was also investigated since CD147 has been considered to act as ancillary protein for MCT1 and MCT4 to express their correct function. The gene expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in the rumen were found to be significantly higher in postweaning calves than in preweaning calves. Strong MCT1 immunoreactivity was detected in both the stratum basale (SB) and the stratum spinosum (SS) in postweaning ruminal epithelium. Expression of MCT1 in preweaning calves was localized to a specific region of the SB and of the SS. MCT4-immunopositive cells were detected in the stratum corneum (SC) of the ruminal epithelium in postweaning calves. However, only a low level of signal was detected in the SC of preweaning animals. Furthermore, in vitro experiments, ruminal epithelial cells were incubated for 24 h with acetate (0.04, 0.4, and 4 mM), propionate (0.2, 2, and 20 mM), butyrate (0.1, 1, and 10 mM), or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA; 0.1, 1, and 10 mM), respectively. Both propionate and butyrate induced an increase in the gene expression levels of MCT4 and CD147, but did not affect MCT1 gene expression. There are no significant effects of acetate and BHBA treatment on these gene expressions. Taken together, these results suggest that an increase in MCT4 and CD147 gene expression in the ruminal epithelium of postweaning calves is likely to be due to the effects of propionate and butyrate derived from a solid-based diet, which may contribute to ruminal development following weaning.