The influence of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations and GABAergic input on firing activity in striatal fast-spiking neurons

Abstract

The striatum is the main input stage of the basal ganglia system, which is involved in executive functions of the forebrain, such as the planning and the selection of motor behavior. Feedforward inhibition of medium-sized spiny projection neurons in the striatum by fast-spiking interneurons is supposed to be an important determinant of controlling striatal output to later stages of the basal ganglia [1]. Striatal fast-spiking interneurons, which con-stitute approximately 1–2% of all striatal neurons, show many similarities to cortical fast-spiking cells. In response to somatic current injection, for example, some of these neurons exhibit spike bursts with a variable number of action potentials (so called stuttering) [2-4]. Interestingly, the membrane potential between such stuttering episodes oscillates in the range of 20–100 Hz [3,5]. The first spike of each stuttering episode invariably occurs at a peak of the underlying subthreshold oscillation. In both cortex and striatum, fast-spiking cells are inter-connected by gap junctions [6,7]. In vitro measurements as well as theoreti-cal studies indicate that electrical coupling via gap junc-tions might be able to promote synchronous activity among these neurons [6,8]. Here we investigate the possi-ble role of subthreshold oscillations on the synchroniza-tion of sub-and suprathreshold activity in a model of electrically coupled fast-spiking neurons. We use the model of Golomb et al. [3], which we extended with a dendritic tree so as to be able to simulate distal synaptic input. We show that gap junctions are able to synchronize subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations in response to somatic current injection. However, the oscil-lations are only prevalent in the subthreshold range and therefore require enough membrane potential depolariza-tion [5]. In response to synaptic input, our model neuron only enters the subthreshold oscillatory regime with AMPA and NMDA synapses located at distal dendrites. Proximal synaptic input leads to more random fluctua-tions of the membrane potential, reflecting a smaller extent of dendritic filtering of the Poisson-distributed postsynaptic potentials. We furthermore investigate the effect of GABAergic (i.e. inhibitory) input to the model of the fast-spiking neuron and predict that inhibitory input is able to induce a stuttering episode in these cells. We finally discuss our results in the context of the feedforward inhibitory network, which is likely to play an important role in striatal and basal ganglia function.