Optimization of E-shaped microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for wideband application

Abstract

The antenna simulation is generally done manually where certain antenna parameters are changed by trial and error method until the desired performance is obtained. In this study, the E-shaped microstrip antenna was designed to work in wideband frequency using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The E-shaped patch antenna with ground follows the subtraction size. The type of substrate used in this study is FR4 Epoxy with a relative dielectric constant value (r) = 4.6 and thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. Feeding technique used in the connector is a probe feed technique to get matching impedance that matches the impedance of the connector which is 50 ohms. The working frequency of the E-shaped microstrip antenna after the use of the PSO algorithm generated bandwidth of 295 MHz with a working frequency of 340-635 MHz. From several stages of optimization performed, an ideal gain is obtained in accordance with the characteristics of the E-shaped antenna, where the resulting gain is 3.246 dBi. The characteristic obtained is omnidirectional, where the donut-shaped radiation pattern with the direction of the wave is in all directions.