Catalytic Reactions in MIEC Membrane Reactors

Abstract

Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction to Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conducting Membranes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Principle of Oxygen Permeation; 1.3 Types of Membranes; 1.4 Scope of This Book; References; Chapter 2: Defects and Diffusion; 2.1 Defects Concerned in MIEC Materials; 2.1.1 Point Defects; 2.1.2 Point Defect Notations; 2.1.3 Electrons and Holes; 2.1.4 Defects in MIEC Oxides; 2.1.4.1 Fluorite-Type Ceria-Based Materials; 2.1.4.2 Perovskite-Type Materials; 2.1.5 Association of Defects; 2.1.6 Equilibria of Defect Reactions; 2.1.7 Grain Boundaries; 2.2 Ionic Diffusion. 2.2.1 Vacancy Diffusion and Interstitial Diffusion2.2.2 Diffusion Path of Oxygen Ions; 2.2.2.1 Fluorite-Type Oxides; 2.2.2.2 Perovskite-Type and Related Oxides; 2.2.3 Diffusion Coefficients; 2.2.4 Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity; 2.2.5 Grain Boundary Diffusion; References; Chapter 3: Ionic Conductors and Aspects Related to High Temperature; 3.1 Fluorite-Type Oxygen Ionic Conductors; 3.1.1 Zirconia-Based Ionic Conductors; 3.1.1.1 Stabilization of Zirconia by Doping; 3.1.1.2 Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia; 3.1.1.3 Zirconia-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation; 3.1.2 Ceria-Based Ionic Conductors. 3.1.2.1 Doped Ceria3.1.2.2 Co-Doped Ceria; 3.1.2.3 Ceria-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation; 3.1.3 Bismuth Oxide-Based Ionic Conductors; 3.1.3.1 Structure of delta-Bi2O3; 3.1.3.2 Doped Bismuth Oxide; 3.1.3.3 Bi2O3-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation; 3.2 Perovskite-Type Oxygen Ionic Conductors; 3.2.1 Structure of Perovskite Oxides; 3.2.2 Nonstoichiometric Oxygen; 3.2.3 Critical Radius, Free Volume, and M-O Bonding Energy; 3.2.4 LaGaO3-Based Pure Ionic Conductors; 3.2.5 Perovskite-Type Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductors; 3.3 Other Ionic Conductors; 3.3.1 La2Mo2O9; 3.3.2 Bi4V2O11. 3.3.3 La10-xSi6O26+y3.4 Relevant High-Temperature Ceramic Materials; 3.4.1 Cationic Diffusion; 3.4.2 Kinetic Demixing; 3.4.3 Thermal Expansion and Chemical Expansion; 3.4.4 Creep; References; Chapter 4: Fabrication and Characterization of MIEC Membranes; 4.1 Preparation of Ceramic Powders; 4.1.1 Solid-State Reaction Method; 4.1.2 Complexing Method; 4.1.3 Coprecipitation Method; 4.1.4 Spray Pyrolysis Method; 4.2 Preparation of Membranes; 4.2.1 Dry-Pressing; 4.2.2 Extrusion; 4.2.3 Slip Casting; 4.2.4 Tape Casting; 4.2.5 Phase Inversion; 4.2.6 Other Methods; 4.2.7 Comparison of the Methods. 4.2.8 Sintering4.3 Characterization of MIEC Membranes; 4.3.1 Permeation Flux; 4.3.2 Electric Conductivity; 4.3.3 Nonstoichiometric Oxygen; 4.3.3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis; 4.3.3.2 Iodometry; 4.3.3.3 Coulometric Titration; 4.3.4 Diffusion Coefficients and Exchange Coefficients; 4.3.4.1 Isotope Exchange; 4.3.4.2 Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (ECR); 4.3.4.3 In Situ Isothermal Isotope Exchange (IIE); 4.3.4.4 Oxygen Permeation; 4.4 Structure and Morphology Characterizations; References; Chapter 5: Permeation Principle and Models; 5.1 Introduction.