Agricultural pollution: An emerging issue

Abstract

Agriculture and environment are interrelated to each other. Farming activities may contribute to air and soil pollution. Agriculture has been declared as the third largest source for pond, lake, and reservoir pollution as it causes disturbance of the rivers and streams. Undue application of nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizers on agricultural lands has led to the enrichment of these nutrients in soil, surface, and groundwater leading to pollution. Greenhouse gas emissions due to agricultural practices result in climate change. Additionally genetically modified crops have increased safety concerns due to gene flow. It has also a major impact on biodiversity. Water- and airborne diseases and cancers are major health issues faced by farm workers. They face injuries, illnesses, and fatalities due to physical exertion, contact with animals, use of machinery, and a high rate of exposure to toxic materials. Although regulatory approaches have been taken in order to prevent occupational and environmental health hazards caused due to agricultural practices, the present conditions show that there is still a need for research and awareness of agricultural health and safety. The current issues of agricultural pollution can be solved by practices like agricultural waste management, pest management, and manure recycling. Proper planning and decisions at government level are required to solve the issue.