Sediment connectivity: Concepts, principles and applications

Abstract

Sediment connectivity can be understood as the sediment delivery between different landscape compartments through the linkage of its components. This linkage occurs by hydrological and sedimentological processes interaction, which are controlled by geomorphological attributes. Connectivity is becoming essential for the understanding of sediment dynamic processes at catchment level, assessing sediment delivery in an integrated and novel way, considering different processes and landscape characteristics to route the sediment from the source to a sink. Consequently, different methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, were developed around the worlds to assess connectivity. However, among these studies different terminologies were utilized. Most methodologies assess sediment connectivity utilizing structural (geomorphological) features, spatializing system components coupling relationships. Currently, some functional (hydrological) methodologies were created, introducing connectivity temporal dependence. However, few methodologies consider sediment attributes. In the regard of Brazilian studies, few connectivity investigations were undertaken. Therefore, more investigations considering Brazilian basins physiographic characteristics are necessary. Thus, this review discusses currently utilized sediment connectivity concepts. Then, summarizes and discusses developed methodologies for sediment connectivity assessment, highlighting relevant structural and functional properties. Additionally, connectivity studies developed in Brazil are shown. It's concluded that sediment connectivity assessment can only be whole through the study of geomorphology, hydrology and sedimentology interaction. Also, connectivity is a potential tool for catchment management, contributing in the understanding of sediment dynamics and landscape evolution.