Severe infections of the central nervous system

Abstract

Early recognition of an infectious syndrome and initiation of appropriate treatment improves outcome. Yet, in spite of advances in diagnosis and treatment, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) still result in significant morbidity and mortality. Choosing appropriate diagnostic studies can expedite diagnosis, avoid exposure to unnecessary invasive testing, and reduce costs of care. Awareness and early detection of known complications of CNS infections can decrease morbidity. Here we review common and rare infections that can result in severe neurologic compromise. We use a syndromic approach, emphasizing practical aspects of diagnosis and management.