Renal complications associated with HSCT

Abstract

Acute kidney injury and CKD remain significant complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Careful assessment of kidney function, e.g., glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure, and proteinuria, is a critical first step in the detection of kidney disease and the prevention of further injury, when possible. While kidney injury can be multifactorial after HSCT, the most common causes include medications, infections, thrombotic microangiopathy, and perhaps GvHD. Close collaboration between HSCT providers, nephrologists, infectious disease experts, and, when needed, critical care teams is essential to the prevention and management of kidney injury in this high-risk population. This chapter discusses the prevalence and diagnosis of renal dysfunction post-HSCT. It also addresses common causes of kidney injury post-HSCT. Hemorrhagic cystitis is discussed in greater detail elsewhere (see Chap. 16).