Economics of wetland conservation case study: Learning from managed realignment

Abstract

The term "coastal squeeze" describes the loss of intertidal wetland habitat, a combined result of a sinking coastline and rising sea levels constraining the extent of intertidal wetland margins as they abut hard flood and sea defenses and infrastructure such as port facilities. This is driving innovation in the management of coastal flooding through such techniques as managed realignment, where land formerly "reclaimed" for agriculture and other uses is allowed to revert to intertidal wetland habitat. As these habitats reform, a range of beneficially and formerly undervalued services such as flood risk regulation, habitat for wildlife including fishery recruitment, nutrient cycling, and characteristic landscapes are restored. This chapter draws lessons about value creation by the recreation of these various ecosystem services drawing upon studies of four managed realignment schemes.