Dry low emissions combustor development

Abstract

Lower Emissions have become key characteristics of most new gas turbine engines over the last several years. The 'lean premixed' approach has been used in the development of the Dry Low Emissions (DLE) technology. The LM6000 and the LM2500 combustors employ a triple dome design with staging of fuel and air flows to achieve lean-premixed operation from light-off to full power. This technology permits the operator to run with reduced emissions of NOx as well as CO and UHC over a wide load setting. Emissions goals of 25 ppm have been successfully met at site rating conditions for the entire family of LM DLE products. The DLE combustor operates on the mid dome at light-off, the inner and the outer domes are brought on progressively, as the engine is loaded. The combustor utilizes a small quantity of air for dome and liner cooling as most of the combustor air is mixed with fuel in the premixers. Backside cooling enhancements permit the reduction of film cooling, which can cause quenching of CO oxidation reactions. Combustion acoustics are controlled by the use of passive devices on the exterior of the engine as well as by fuel staging within premixers and by the use of a control system which senses and alters the combustor operation to limit acoustics. The DLE technology meets the emissions and reliability needs of the industry with limited package modifications. This paper describes the DLE technology, developed to meet the needs of the industry. Critical design features including the Double Annular Counter-Rotating Swirler (DACRS) premixer, the triple annular dome design, the heat shield design and the staging sequence are discussed, in addition to the field experience gained on the LM2500 and LM6000 DLE models.