Digital Transformation in Spanish Port System

Abstract

The Spanish port system is a modern port system located on the main transport routes in the world, and the digital transformation associated with the port world is being a priority element of development to enhance efficiency. Technologies, such as Digital Twins, the Metaverse, or the Internet of Things, are key tools for the optimization of port processes, real-time collaboration, and scenario simulations. It also highlights the improvement in the efficiency and safety of port operations. An affinity matrix is used to study the factors driving the transformation toward "metaports." In the context of land transport associated with ports, the importance of digitalization is underlined and a crosscutting approach to consolidate "smart dry ports" is suggested. The analysis concludes by highlighting challenges such as the lack of interoperability and obsolete technologies, proposing priority actions such as the renovation of infrastructures and investment in staff training to achieve an efficient and competitive Spanish port system by 2030.