Cost–benefit analyses and comparative study on sorption capacity with other modified carbons

Abstract

The present chapter concentrates on the cost–benefit analyses of the chosen eight carbon adsorbents and comparison of fluoride sorption with the other reported carbon adsorbents as well. The carbon adsorbents are separated on the basis of their modification by chemical agents and conventional hydrothermal process. These carbon adsorbents under present investigation are compared with other like adsorbents to explore the difference in fluoride sorption capacity. The cost of each carbon adsorbent per gram has been assessed based on chemical and other expenses during the process of modification and carbonization syntheses.