Application of Gum Arabic in Nanoemulsion for Safe Conveyance of Bioactive Components

Abstract

Bioactive components have remarkable approach to cure several life-menacing diseases. These components are required in less amount due to the presence of viable factors. Although several sources and methods are accessible to extract the bioactive components, heat and oxidative stability are matters of concern. To overcome this delinquency, nanoemulsion technique is used which is gaining more attraction due to the viability and safe delivery of several bioactive components at targeted expanses. For fabrication of nanoemulsion, several techniques are available which directly influence the physicochemical attributes of the bioactive components. In addition, numerous polymers and biopolymers are used for the synthesis of nanoemulsions. Gum arabic is a plant-based exudate gum consisting of amino acids and polysaccharide units with polyglucuronic acid units. All components of the gum arabic make this gum highly polyanionic, which directly attracts the bioactive components. Moreover, due to these basic components, gum arabic also behaves as stabilizer as well as emulsifier, which remarkably provides thermal strength to the nanoemulsion. Therefore, this chapter emphasizes upon the mechanism of emulsifying and binding ability of the gum arabic during fabrication of nanoemulsion consisting of vital bioactive components. Mechanisms of delivery and distribution of bioactive components at targeted sites have also been discussed.