Perceptions of community members in Australia about the risk factors, symptoms and impacts of dementia: A cross-sectional questionnaire study

Abstract

Objectives: Ensuring that the Australian public has an accurate understanding of the characteristics of dementia may assist in improving timely detection of dementia. This cross-sectional questionnaire study aimed to examine community members' perceptions of the risk factors, symptoms and impacts of dementia. Methods: Participants were recruited from outpatient units at a major regional hospital and were aged at least 18 years, a patient or an accompanying support person, did not have a dementia diagnosis, had sufficient English knowledge and were well enough to complete a survey. Participants completed a web-based survey on a touchscreen computer including items exploring knowledge of dementia risk factors, symptoms and perceived impacts if they or a loved one had dementia. Counts and proportions were calculated and perceived impacts of dementia were compared for self versus loved one using a χ2 test. Results: Of 353 eligible individuals approached, 208 consented and were included in the study. Between 30% and 61% (n = 62–127) of participants believed modifiable factors such as high alcohol consumption and high blood pressure were associated with increased risk of dementia. While a majority of participants (87–96%; n = 164–181) identified memory-related symptoms, less than one-third recognised behavioural symptoms. Participants were more likely to identify emotional and practical impacts compared to physical or social impacts as most difficult if they or a loved one had dementia. Conclusions: There remains a need for increased community education to address knowledge gaps regarding modifiable risk factors, behavioural symptoms and potential impacts of dementia on the individual diagnosed and their carers.