Review article: Gastric acidity - Comparison of esomeprazole with other proton pump inhibitors

Abstract

Gastric acid suppression is the most effective medical therapy to control acidic gastro-oesophageal reflux: individuals in whom therapy fails usually have inadequate acid suppression. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH-metry measures the percentage of time that gastric pH is above 4 or 3, the critical thresholds for tissue damage and symptom generation in the distal oesophagus. Effective medical therapy must control gastric acidity throughout the daytime, including the postprandial period. It is therefore useful to report the percentage of patients in whom gastric acidity is controlled above pH 4 for at least 16 out of 24 h. Esomeprazole was compared with standard-dose proton pump inhibitors in healthy volunteers and patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Esomeprazole, 40 mg daily, was significantly more effective at controlling gastric acidity above pH 4 for more than 16 h than lansoprazole, 30 mg daily (38% of individuals vs. 5%, respectively). Esomeprazole, 40 mg daily, also suppressed gastric acidity more effectively and in more individuals than pantoprazole, 40 mg daily, and rabeprazole, 20 mg daily. Esomeprazole, 20 mg daily, was significantly more effective at controlling gastric acidity than lansoprazole, 15 mg daily. The improved acid control with esomeprazole compared with other proton pump inhibitors is likely to result in superior healing rates and improved symptom relief, with fewer therapy-resistant patients.