Sb-As-Tl-Ba Mineral Assemblage of Hydrothermal-Sedimentary Origin, Gümüsköy Deposit, Kütahya (Turkey)

Abstract

The Sb-As-TI-Ba mineral assemblage, accompanied by Pb-Zn sulphides and minor amounts of silver and gold, was formed in connection with undifferentiated hydrothermal solutions, which discharg- ed at the bottom of the Neogene basin (syngenetic type of ore mineralization) and/or within vol- canic-sedimentary series - tuffs and sinter (epigenetic type of ore mineralization). In the syngenetic type of mineralization, the ore minerals were deposited as disseminated colloids and metastable minerals, while in epigenetic mineralization small massive veins and lenses formed. The primary sulphides (stibnite, realgar, orpirnent, sphalerite, galena, less tetrahedrite, pyrite and other minerals) were mostly transformed into oxides. Barite is occasionally separated from ore sulphides. Besides the hydrothermal-sedimentary ore bodies, small quartz-stibnite veins have been formed in the Upper Paleozoic schists, under the ore-bearing volcano-sedimentary basin. This almost mono- metallic ore was derived from highly differentiated hydrothermal solutions.