Arsenic in Wheat, Maize, and Other Crops

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a harmful metalloid that can be naturally found in soils and water. Consumption of contaminated groundwater is the most common source of human poisoning; furthermore, the ingestion of contaminated food is currently getting much attention. The main problem arises when crops incorporate the metalloid by direct absorption of groundwater or artificial irrigation containing high levels of the toxic element, or through contaminated soils, being the first stage of As distribution in the trophic chain. This issue constitutes not only an agronomic problem, due to the effect in grain quality and yield, but also a serious risk for human health. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the effect of As on growth and metalloid accumulation and distribution on cereal and legume crops used for human consumption. The comprehension of the responses evoked by plants under As exposure could contribute to a better understanding of metalloid toxicity and the possible risks of grain contamination as well to as assess mitigation strategies to prevent human poisoning.