First Detection of Proteus cibarius sp. of clinical significance

Abstract

The rapidly changing resistance pattern of multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli over the last decade is challenging. Their ability to develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and produce extended spectrum β-lactamases is most current clinical issue in antibiotic resistance, globally. This study was carried out to identify Gram negative bacterial responsible for β-lactam antibiotics treatment failure in an 88-year-old patient not responding to cephalosporin treatment. Wound sample was obtained from patient with long term infected diabetic wound and cultured on MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility and double disk synergistic test were carried out to ascertain antibiotics resistance profile of isolate and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases, respectively. Isolate was presumptively identified using standard biochemical tests. Genomic DNA extraction, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene with 27F (f5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (r5′-GGTTACCCTTGTTACGACTT-3′) primers and sequencing analysis were carried out to confirm presumptive identification. Nucleotides sequences were aligned with bioedit 7.2.5 and aligned sequences were compared with similar sequences on Gene bank. Construction of phylogenetic tree and evolutionary analysis of related sequences was conducted in MEGA7, using the Neighbor-Joining method. Isolate was identified to be Proteus cibarius strain ADE 1 with ascension number MH037129. Proteus cibarius strain ADE 1 was resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics and positive for ESBL production. This is the first report on Proteus cibarius associated with human pathogenicity. It is also the first detection of antibiotics resistance and ESBL production in Proteus cibarius. Proteus cibarius has a pathogenic potential and is an emerging opportunistic pathogen capable of spreading multiple antibiotics resistance.