Effect of nonlinearity and boiler dynamics in automatic generation control of multi-area thermal power system with proportional-integral-derivative and ant colony optimization technique

Abstract

This work presents the automatic generation control (AGC) of a multiarea interconnected power system. The investigated multiarea power system is prepared with three equal reheat thermal power systems with suitable governor unit, turbine unit, generator unit, speed regulator unit, tie-line in each unit, and secondary proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. During nominal loading conditions, the power generating unit offers good quality of power to consumers. Nevertheless, the occurrence of sudden load disturbance in the interconnected power generating unit affects the entire performance (consistency in system frequency and voltage) and system stability. In order to moderate this big pose, the PID controller is introduced as a secondary controller. Jointly with the proper selection of the controller parameters (proportional gain (KP), integral gain (KI), and derivative gain (KD)) a good quality of power supply is crucial in a power system for generating. An artificial intelligence (AI) based ant colony optimization (ACO) technique is considered for tuning the control parameters. Further, in the current chapter, nonlinearity and boiler dynamics effects are considered to evaluate the performance of the investigated power system. The nonlinearities are generation rate constraints (GRC) and governor dead band (GDB). The drum-type oil-fired boiler system is considered in this work. The nonlinearity effect and boiler dynamics in the investigated power systems are derived by considering different scenarios: (a) GRC in all areas and two percent step load perturbation (2% SLP) in area 1, (b) GDB in all areas and two percent step load perturbation (2% SLP) in area 1 (c) GRC and GDB in all areas and two percent step load perturbation (2% SLP) in area 1 and (d) GRC, GDB, and boiler dynamics (BD) in all areas and two-percent step load perturbation (2% SLP) in area 1. Time-domain specification analysis is used for the evaluation of nonlinearity and boiler dynamics effect.