Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy: Indications, Techniques, and Complications

Abstract

Complete proximal bicanalicular obstructions remain one of the most intriguing lacrimal disorders posing dilemma on both diagnostic and management fronts. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy or CDCR is a procedure where a new passage is created for drainage of tears from the conjunctival cul-de-sac directly into the nasal cavity. The procedure can be performed via an external approach (external CDCR), an endoscopic approach (endoscopic CDCR), or a minimally invasive approach (MICDCR) or diode laser-assisted (LCDCR) and endoscopic conjunctivorhinostomy (CR) without a DCR. Although most of the contraindications to CDCR are relative, careful patient selection is of utmost importance. This chapter will discuss indication, contraindications, techniques, complications, and outcomes of various approaches for CDCR.