The other faces of the prosumer: A review of the foundational concepts of pro-am (professional amateur) and maker

Abstract

The concept of prosumer, with four decades since it was coined by Alvin Toffler, has remained the most prevalent conceptual term in studies on consumption-production. However, different concepts that add nuance to the idea of prosumer have been appearing throughout, at least, two decades. Thus, the objective of this work is to carry out a review of the heuristic elements of two relevant, and considered foundational, concepts in this area, to extend the terminological range in this field of studies: The pro-am and maker concepts.