Heart Failure with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (HFNEF)

Abstract

To diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the following three criteria have to be fulfilled [1--8]:1.Signs and symptoms generally present in heart failure, and2.Preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, defined as LV-EF ≥ 50%, in the presence of a normal LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), defined as <97 mL/m2 [1, 7, 9] and,3.Evidence of diastolic dysfunction and/or relevant structural cardiac alterations