Seismic Design of Earth-Retaining Structures

Abstract

Recent experiments, field observations and theoretical numerical studi~s are summari~ed: Where the simple conditions assumed by the Mononobe-Okabe theory are reproduced In tests, predlctlons and observations agree well. However, a retaining structure and surrounding soil area comple~ dynarrlic system and behavior is far from simple. Emphasis has shifted somewha~ away from dynamlc, ",'tresses toward evaluation of residual displacements.