Energy security in an emission-constrained world: The potential for alternative fuels

Abstract

The current transport fuel dilemma, which centres around the input problem of dwindling conventional crude oil reserves as well as the so-called output problem of increasing GHG emissions 1, has triggered an increased interest in alternative fuels from other hydrocarbon sources such as natural gas and coal as well as renewables. The increased consumption of unconventional oil resources would initially solve the input problem of falling conventional oil resources, but inevitably exacerbate the output problem of increased environmental pollution 1. Biofuels can be a viable substitute for fossil fuels, most notably when produced in a sustainable manner and from feedstock which is not in direct competition with food or animal feed.