Inner Flame Front Structures and Burning Velocities of Premixed Turbulent Planar Ammonia/Air and Methane/Air Flames

Abstract

Ammonia (NH 3) has attracted interest as a future carbon-free synthetic fuel due to its economic storage and transportation. In this study, quasi direct numerical simulations (quasi-DNS) with detailed-chemistry have been performed in 3-D to examine the flame thickness and assess the validity of Damköhler’s first hypothesis for premixed turbulent planar ammonia/air and methane/air flames under different turbulence levels. The Karlovitz number is systematically changed from 4.26 to 12.06 indicating that all the test conditions are located within the thin reaction zones combustion regime. Results indicate that the ensemble average values of the preheat zone thickness deviate slightly from the thin laminar flamelet assumption, while the reaction zone regions remain relatively intact. Following the balance equation of reaction progress variable gradient, normal strain rate and the tangential diffusion component of flame displacement speed variation in the normal direction to the flame surface are found to be responsible for thickening the flame. However, the sum of reaction and normal diffusion components of flame displacement speed variation in the normal direction to the flame surface is in charge of flame thinning for ammonia/air and methane/air flames. In addition, the validity of Damköhler’s first hypothesis is confirmed by indicating that the ratio of the turbulent burning velocity to the unstrained premixed laminar burning velocity is relatively equal to the ratio of the wrinkled to the unwrinkled flame surface area. Furthermore, the probability density functions of the density-weighted flame displacement speed show that the bulk of flame elements propagate identical to the unstrained premixed laminar flame.